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Seventh Letter
The ''Seventh Letter of Plato'' is an epistle that tradition has ascribed to Plato. It is by far the longest of the epistles of Plato and gives an autobiographical account of his activities in Sicily as part of the intrigues between Dion and Dionysius of Syracuse for the tyranny of Syracuse. It also contains an extended philosophical interlude concerning the possibility of writing true philosophical works and the theory of forms.〔R. G. Bury, Prefatory note to "Epistle VII" in ''Plato IX'', Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1929): 463–75.〕 Assuming that the letter is authentic, it was written after Dion was assassinated by Calippus in 353 BC and before he was in turn overthrown a year later.〔
==Authenticity==
Of all the letters attributed to Plato, the ''Seventh Letter'' is most widely recognized as authentic.〔 R. Ledger defends its authenticity on the basis of computer analysis.〔R. Ledger, ''Re-counting Plato: A Computer Analysis of Plato's Style'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 148–50.〕 Anthony Kenny is likewise inclined to accept it as genuine.〔Anthony Kenny, ''A New History of Ancient Philosophy. Volume I: Ancient Philosophy'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 49.〕 The main objections to its authenticity involve its statement that there are forms or ideas of artificial things, whereas Aristotle attributes to Plato the idea that there are forms or ideas only of natural things, as well as the fact that the letter's purported historical setting seems unlikely: the letter implies that Dion's followers wrote to Plato asking him for practical political advice while at the same time insinuating that he had not been loyal to Dion, that Calippus permitted the letter to get to Plato, and that Plato replied by recounting in detail recent history to people who were immediately involved in those events and included in his advice a long digression on the theory of forms. These problems lead R. G. Bury to conclude that the letter was an open letter intended to defend Plato in the eyes of his fellow Athenians rather than to be sent to Dion's followers in Sicily; there probably never was any letter from them to Plato, he says.〔
Nevertheless, the ''Seventh Letter'' has recently been argued to be spurious by prominent scholars such as Malcolm Schofield,〔Malcolm Schofield, "Plato & Practical Politics", in ''Greek & Roman Political Thought'', ed. Schofield & C. Rowe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 299–302.〕 Myles Burnyeat,〔Myles Burnyeat, "The Second Prose Tragedy: a Literary Analysis of the pseudo-Platonic ''Epistle'' VII," unpublished manuscript, cited in Malcolm Schofield, ''Plato'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 44n19.〕 George Boas,〔George Boas, "Fact and Legend in the Biography of Plato", ''The Philosophical Review'' 57, no. 5 (1949): 439–457.〕 Terence Irwin,〔Terence Irwin, "The Intellectual Background," in ''The Cambridge Companion to Plato'', ed. R. Kraut (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1992), 78–79n4.〕 and Julia Annas. According to Annas, the ''Seventh Letter'' is "such an unconvincing production that its acceptance by many scholars is best seen as indicating the strength of their desire to find, behind the detachment of the dialogues, something, no matter what, to which Plato is straightforwardly committed."〔Julia Annas, "Classical Greek Philosophy," in ''The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World'', ed. Boardman, Griffin and Murray (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), 285.〕
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